The National Museum in Kraków (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie), commonly abbreviated as MNK, is the largest museum in Poland and serves as the main branch of Poland’s National Museum system. Established in 1879, it has grown to encompass 21 departments, including 11 galleries, 2 libraries, and 12 conservation workshops. With a vast collection of approximately 780,000 art objects spanning from classical archaeology to modern art, the museum holds a particular focus on Polish painting.
The museum initially occupied the upper floor of the Renaissance Sukiennice building at the Main Square in Kraków’s Old Town, which remains one of its key divisions. The construction of the contemporary New Main Building at 3 Maja Street began in 1934 but was interrupted by World War II, with completion only achieved in 1992 after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. While many of its collections are housed in the Main Building, the museum also manages nine divisions spread across the city, preserving and showcasing a vast array of artistic heritage.
The National Museum in Kraków boasts an extensive and diverse collection covering centuries of artistic achievements. Its Gallery of the Twentieth Century Polish Art, housed in the Main Building, is among the largest exhibitions of modern Polish painting and sculpture. Notable works include those by Jacek Malczewski, Leon Wyczółkowski, and Włodzimierz Tetmajer. The collection also features an extensive array of works by Stanisław Wyspiański and contributions from Polish cubists, expressionists, and avant-garde artists of the 1930s and 1960s. Masterpieces from the Young Poland movement include works by Konrad Krzyżanowski, Olga Boznańska, and Józef Pankiewicz, alongside influential avant-garde artists such as Zbigniew Pronaszko, Leon Chwistek, and Tytus Czyżewski. The museum’s post-war collection highlights contributions from Tadeusz Kantor, Jonasz Stern, Maria Jarema, and Jerzy Nowosielski, as well as contemporary Polish artists like Wilhelm Sasnal, Jadwiga Sawicka, and Leon Tarasewicz.
Beyond paintings and sculptures, the museum houses a vast arsenal collection, including Polish armor from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, sabers, firearms, military uniforms, and orders of distinction. The “Arms and Colours” exhibition presents European weaponry from various historical periods. The Decorative Arts and Crafts Gallery exhibits gold, silver, and gemstone artifacts, pewter and wrought iron objects, antique furniture, musical instruments, clocks, ceramics, and stained glass from Kraków’s churches. The museum also holds one of Poland’s largest collections of antique Oriental and Polish carpets and textiles. Among its extensive holdings, the museum also preserves a selection of Delftware from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.